The value chain is the sequence of business functions in which customer usefulness is added to products or services.
1. Research and development: Generating and experimenting with ideas related to new products, services, or processes.
2. Design of products or services: Detailed planning and engineering of products, services, or processes.
3. Production: Acquiring, coordinating, and assembling resources to produce a product or deliver a service.
4. Marketing: Promoting and selling products or services to customers or prospective customers.
5. Destination: Delivering products or services to customers.
6. Customer service: Providing after-sales support to customers.